BLADDER CANCER SURGERY

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Description

The procedure is performed under the influence of general anesthesia. A long cut is made in the lower-abdomen area in order to access the bladder and the lymph nodes. In the case of laparoscopic surgery, several small cuts are made on the lower abdomen. From certain incisions, the surgical instruments are inserted and from the other, a camera is inserted in order to guide the surgeon during the surgery.

A passage of urine has to be created in order to allow the urine to pass out of the body:

- Urinary Conduit: A part of the small intestine is used to make a tube. Ureters that drain urine from the kidney are attached to the abdominal wall using this tube.

- Continent Urinary Diversion: Here, a small reservoir is created in the abdominal wall and the tube drains urine in this reservoir. The urine is drained periodically by making use of a catheter.

- Neobladder: This procedure is only used in cases when the urethra is not removed. A part of the bowel is folded in order to make a pouch that carries the urine which is then attached to the ureters from the kidney.

Pre Procedure

- The doctor may recommend undergoing a CT scan or a biopsy of the bladder is conducted, urine analysis, or a cystoscope (a test done to examine the bladder and urethra)? these are done to detect cancer.

- The patient is asked to stop blood thinning medications 8-10 days before the surgery.

-  Also, the patient is advised to fast at least 8-10 hours before the procedure.

During Procedure

The procedure is performed under the influence of general anesthesia. A long cut is made in the lower-abdomen area in order to access the bladder and the lymph nodes. In the case of laparoscopic surgery, several small cuts are made on the lower abdomen. From certain incisions, the surgical instruments are inserted and from the other, a camera is inserted in order to guide the surgeon during the surgery.

A passage of urine has to be created in order to allow the urine to pass out of the body:

- Urinary Conduit: A part of the small intestine is used to make a tube. Ureters that drain urine from the kidney are attached to the abdominal wall using this tube.

- Continent Urinary Diversion: Here, a small reservoir is created in the abdominal wall and the tube drains urine in this reservoir. The urine is drained periodically by making use of a catheter.

- Neobladder: This procedure is only used in cases when the urethra is not removed. A part of the bowel is folded in order to make a pouch that carries the urine which is then attached to the ureters from the kidney.

Post Procedure

- Constant follow-up is necessary in order to check for the recurrence of cancer.

- A bladder examination is supposed to be done every 3-4 months.

- The patient is advised to stop smoking and also avoid any kind of physical activity until complete recovery.

Risk Complication

- Radical Cystectomy is a complex procedure and the risks may include kidney infection, leakage in the urine or any blockages in the bowel, or an imbalance in electrolytes causing acidosis.

- This over the long term may cause renal failure.

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